Which term encompasses peer-reviewed journal articles, abstracts, and presentations at scientific conferences?

The term that encompasses peer-reviewed journal articles, abstracts, and presentations at scientific conferences is "publication." This term is broadly used to refer to any dissemination of research findings in a formal manner, which includes various formats where research is shared with the scientific community and general public.

Peer-reviewed journal articles represent the most rigorous form of publications where research is critically evaluated by experts in the field before publication. Abstracts summarize research findings and are often presented at conferences, serving as a concise communication of the research. Presentations at scientific conferences are also an essential method for sharing research, allowing for direct interaction and discussion with peers.

While the term "manuscript" typically refers to a draft version of a research article that is submitted for publication, it does not encompass the diverse forms of communication such as abstracts and presentations. "Research output" is a broader term that includes all types of research deliverables but does not specifically highlight the peer-reviewed aspect. "Conference proceedings" refer specifically to the written record of the talks and presentations given at conferences, focusing on that singular event rather than the larger category of peer-reviewed publications.

Thus, "publication" is the most inclusive term that accurately describes all the formats mentioned in the question, integrating them under a single category of scholarly