What year was the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) issued?

The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) was issued in 2012. This declaration emerged from a meeting of many research leaders and stakeholders, convened by the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) in San Francisco. The primary aim of DORA is to improve the ways in which researchers and institutions assess the quality of research outputs, moving beyond the reliance on journal impact factors. The declaration outlines a set of principles to promote a more nuanced approach to research assessment that emphasizes the importance of the research itself rather than the venue of publication. This initiative has been influential in advancing discussions around research evaluation practices and has gained support from numerous organizations and institutions worldwide.